Health Tips

प्रश्न : के हो 'चाँया' बास्तवमा ??

उत्तर : 'चाँया' अर्थात 'Dandruff' भन्नाले Malessizia furfur नाम गरेको Fungus ले गर्ने एक किसिमको छालाको इन्फेक्शनका कारण उत्पन्न हुने अवस्था हो /

प्रश्न : 'चाँया' ठुलै समस्या हो त ??
उत्तर : कहिलेकाँही ठु

लो ठुलो रगत बग्ने गाँठोको रुपमा समेत यो समस्या प्रस्तुत हुन सक्दछ र यसका कारण आँखाको डील सुन्निने वा सधैं चिप्रा लागिरहने(Chronic Blepharitis) स्थिति समेत पैदा हुन सक्दछ अन्यथा चाँया भनेको सौन्दर्य र मनोबैज्ञानिक दृष्टिले ठुलो समस्या बन्न पुग्छ, अरुको अगाडी कन्याउनु पर्दा वा कपडामा चाँया झरेर टल्कीदा त्यसले समस्या हुने गर्दछ /

प्रश्न : समाधान के हो त ?
उत्तर : प्रायश: दैनिक टाउको मात्र भए पनि नुहाउने गरेमा नै यो समस्याको हल निस्कन्छ, ठिक नभएमा 'Selenium Sulfide(Selsun's Shampoo)' वा 'Ketoconazole(Nizoral)' श्याम्पूको प्रयोग(केहि बेर फिँज सहित मसाज गर्ने शर्तमा) गर्नाले धेरैको निको हुन्छ, अझै ठिक नभएमा डाक्टरको सल्लाह लिने त छँदै छ /

कफ शब्दले खोकी भन्ने बुझिन्छ जुन सुख्खा हुन सक्छ जसलाई अंग्रेजीमा Dry cough भनिन्छ वा खकार आउने किसिमको हुन सक्दछ जसलाई अंग्रेजीमा Productive cough भनिन्छ / धेरै मानिसले कफ भनेर खकार वा sputum लाई इंगित गर्ने गरेका छन् जुन आफैमा ठिक शब्द प्रयोग हैन /

खोकी

खोकीका कारण हरु निम्न हुन सक्दछन :
* Common cold
* Upper Respiratory Tract Infection like Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, Laryngitis
* Sinusitis
* Acute

 Bronchitis
* COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulponary Disease)
* Asthma
* Tuberculosis
* Bronchiectasis
* Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
* Use of ACE inhibitor for High Blood Pressure

 'सेक्स चेन्ज'

जिज्ञासा नम्बर १ : के हो 'सेक्स चेन्ज' भनेको ?

सिधा अर्थमा भन्नु पर्दा शुद्ध पुरुषबाट शुद्ध महिला वा शुद्ध महिलाबाट शुद्ध पुरुष बनाउन सकिने भने हैन/ तर पुरुष (वा तेस्रो लिंगी) को निम्नानुसारको स्टेपबाट महिलाजस्तै अवस्थामा परिवर्तन गरिने हुनाले यस सर्जरिलाई बास्तवमा 'सेक्स रिअसाइनमेन्ट सर्जरी ' भनिन्छ/ १.'ब्रेस्ट इम्प्लानतेसन ' : शरीरको कुनै भागको बोस

ो निकालेर छालामुनि राख्ने वा नक्कली ब्रेस्ट राखिदिने २. 'हर्मोन सप्लिमेन्ट' : यस अनुसार पुरुष जस्तो बाट महिला जस्तो बनाउनु पर्दा महिला हर्मोनको रुपमा चिनिने 'इस्ट्रोजेन' लाई सप्लिमेन्ट गरिन्छ/ ३. अर्किड़ेकटोमी'' : यो भन्नाले 'testis' लाई निकालिन्छ/
४.'फ्यालेकटोमी ' : यो स्टेप मा पुरुष अंगलाई निश्चित ढंगले काटिन्छ / ५. 'भल्भोप्लास्टि' तथा 'भेजाईनोप्लास्टि' : यस अन्तर्गत वरपरको अंगलाई बैज्ञानिक तरिकाले महिलाको यौनाङ्ग जस्तै हुने गरि मिलाइन्छ र पिसाब निस्कने 'युरेथ्रा' लाई त्यसै अनुरुप मिलाइन्छ /

जिज्ञासा नम्बर २ : यस सर्जरी पश्चात बिबाह गर्न सकिन्छ त ?

बिबाह गर्न सकिन्छा र यौन क्रिया सामान्य महिलाकै ढंगमा उत्तिकै यौनानन्द मिल्ने गरि गर्न पनि सम्भव हुन्छ तर निश्चय नै गर्भधारण गर्न भने सकिन्दैन/

जिज्ञासा नम्बर ३ : लिङ्ग निर्धारण के ले गर्दछ ?

सामान्यतया जन्मँदा महिला हुने कि पुरुष भन्ने कुरा बुबाको शुक्रकिटमा निहित 'क्रोमोजोम'ले निर्धारण गर्दछ / आमाको 'ओभम' बाट प्राप्त 'x ' क्रोमोजोममा बुबाको 'x ' वा 'y ' क्रोकोजोम मध्ये गर्भको बच्चामा ' xx' हुन गएमा महिला र 'xy ' हुन गएमा पुरुष बच्चा जन्मदंछ / साथै गर्भको समयमा पर्न जाने हर्मोनको प्रभावले पनि जन्मिएको बच्चाको लैंगिक स्वभाव वा हाउ-भाउ फरक पार्दछ / पुरुषको लागि 'Testotestorone' तथा महिलाको लागि 'Oestrogen' को प्रभावले उनीहरुको ब्यबहार, जिउको लचकता, स्वर आदिमा फरक छुट्टिने हुन्छ /

जिज्ञासा नम्बर ४ : को हुन् तेस्रो लिंगी ?

जन्मदा नै क्रोमोजोममा हुने गडबडी वा गर्भको समयमा हुने गलत वा उल्टो हर्मोनको प्रभाव वा जन्मिएपछी गरिने देखासिकी वा सामाजिक प्रभावका कारण शारीरिक रुपमा एउटा लिंग तर त्यसमा अर्कै हर्मोनले गर्दा देखिने बिपरित स्वभाव वा सामाजिक तथा मानसिक वा मनोबैज्ञानिक परिस्थितिले गर्दा अंगालिने अर्को 'sexual orientation' जस्ता कारणबाट तेस्रो लिंगी भनिने अवस्था सृजना हुन्छ/

HEART strategies : ''not to hurt your heart''

H for Healthy diet : intake of diet low in fat, cholesterol and salt helps protect your heart.

E for Exercise : exercise of moderate grade for 30 minutes a day keeps your heart healthy.

A for Anxiety reduction : ralaxing yourself means relaxing your own heart.

R for Regular screening : Blood Pressure , Sugar and Lipid screening is a protective screen to the heart.

T for Tobacco control : Chewing tobacco is chewing own heart,igniting cigarette is igniting own health

Where does the snoring (GHURNU) sound come from?

Snoring happens when you can't move air freely through your nose and mouth during sleep. It’s caused by a narrowing of your airway, either from poor sleep posture or abnormalities of the sof

t tissues in your throat. A narrow airway gets in the way of smooth breathing and creates the vibration that produces sound of snoring.

Some useful lifestyle changes that may reduce the problem of snoring.

•Lose weight. Losing even a little bit of weight can reduce fatty tissue in the back of the throat and decrease or even stop snoring.
•Exercise can also help to stop snoring. Working out to tone your arms, legs, and abs, for example, also leads to toning the muscles in your throat, which in turn can lead to less snoring.
•Quit smoking. If you smoke, your chances of snoring are high. Smoking causes airways to be blocked by irritating the membranes in the nose and throat.
•Avoid alcohol, sleeping pills, and sedatives, especially before bedtime, because they relax the muscles in the throat and interfere with breathing.
•Establish regular sleep patterns. Create a bedtime ritual and stick to it..

Bedtime remedies to help you stop snoring

•Clear nasal passages. Having a stuffy nose makes inhalation difficult and creates a vacuum in your throat, which in turn leads to snoring. Putting salt-water drop or nasal decongestants may be of help.
•Keep bedroom air moist Dry air can irritate membranes in the nose and throat.
•Reposition. Elevating your head four inches may ease breathing and encourage your tongue and jaw to move forward.
•Avoid caffeine and heavy meals within two hours of going to bed, especially dairy products and soymilk.
•Sleep on your side. Avoid sleeping on your back, as gravity makes it more likely for your tongue and soft tissues to drop and obstruct your airway.

KNOW ABOUT PAIN DURING PERIOD (MENSTRUATION)

DYSMENORRHOEA is a term used to describe pain in lower abdomen, pelvis or back which occurs in association with periods (menstruation).

Pathogenesis ( how it occurs )

It is thought to be due to a release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes (local Hormones) in the menstrual fluid, which in turn produces vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) i

n the uterine vessels, causing the uterine contractions which produce the pain. The prostaglandin release may also be responsible for gastrointestinal disturbance which may occur in association with dysmenorrhoea.

How to get relief ?

•Self-help techniques - many women find the following measures to be helpful in relieving the symptoms of dysmenorrhoea:
* Consumption of tea
* Warmth to the abdomen
* A warm bath
* Abdominal and/or back massage
* Lying in the supine position
•Complementary and alternative medicines - several dietary supplements and herbal remedies have been shown to be more effective than placebo(fake medicine given for research purpose) in a study group.These include:
* Calcium and magnesium
* Thiamine
* Ginger
* Fish oil supplement
* Acupuncture
* Acupressure

Medications used

NSAIDs - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea due to their inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Ibuprofen is most often used due to its low incidence of side-effects. Adolescents and young adults with symptoms that do not respond to treatment with NSAIDs for 3 menstrual periods should be offered combined oral contraceptive pills for 3 menstrual cycles.12

10 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT CONDOMS.

1. On average, condoms hold about 4 quarts of liquid. That’s about 16 cups or 1 gallon of liquid or 3.8 litres. That’s larger than most Milk Bottles!

2. Most modern-day condoms (over 90%) are made of latex, the rest from polyurethane or lamb intestines.

3. Ancient Egyptians reportedly used condoms as early as 1350 BC. These were reportedly made from animal

 bladders or intestines.

4. Over the years, a variety of materials have been used as Condoms. Among the materials were linen, sheep, lamb and goat intestines; fish skin, silk and thin leather.

5. Only Latex Condoms can stop the transmission of HIV. Tests have shown that Polyurethane and lamb condoms do not stop the transmission of the virus.

6. Oils and most lotions will cause latex to breakdown. As such, only use water or silicone based lubricants when using latex condoms.

7. Using 2 or more condoms at the same time is more dangerous than using 1. The friction between the two can cause tearing and ripping.

8. Exposure to heat or sunlight or by age can weaken and harden the condoms, causing them to be fragile and tear during use. Always keep them in a cool and dry location.

9. During World War II, condoms were used to cover rifle barrels from being damaged by salt water as the soldiers swam to shore.

10. Condoms have been sold in vending machines since 1928.

As always, remember that using a Condom is the safest and most reliable method of stopping the transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). However, it’s always better to use 2 forms of contraceptives if possible to stop undesirable pregnancies.

Why do feet smell?

So, why do feet smell? Well, it is all due to bacteria that feed on sweat and make feet stinky. Bacteria are attracted towards the sweat on your feet and starts feeding on them. These bacteria get rid of waste on your feet which are in the form of organic acids. These organic acids have a strong pungent odor due to which your feet smell bad and it .

HOW CETAMOL WORKS ??

* Cetamol is a Nepalese brand name for Paracetamol ( Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) which is used as Analgesic (Pain killer) and Anti-pyretic (To reduce fever)
* In infection or certain inflammation or local tissue damage, the local hormone called Prostaglandin is responsible to produce pain and fever. Paracetamol blocks an enzyme called Cycloxgenase which is required to produce prostaglandins.

HOW DOES VIAGRA WORK ??

Viagra, a prescription medication used to treat erectile dysfunction, works by blocking a chemical in the body that is normally responsible for reversing an erection (Phosphodiasterase). As a result, more of the chemicals responsible for the erection remain, so the muscles in the male organ do not constrict. This allows blood to stay in the penis longer, which allows the man to maintain an erection. Because Viagra has no effect on the chemicals that cause an erection, it does not work without stimulation.

WHAT IS TEAR GAS ?? 

Tear gas is an irritating gas that stimulates corneal nerve of eye to cause tearing,pain and even blindness . This also irritates mucous membrane of mouth ,nose and lungs to bring sneezing,coughing and suffocation. Commonly used chemical agents are CS ( Chlorobenzylidenemelono),CN ( Chloroacetophenone) ,pepper-spray , Nonivamide ,Bromoacetone and sometimes Syn-propanethial-S-Oxide (from onion) .

WHAT IS PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) ?? .

 The week before prior to menstruation, some women feel irritable, angry, depressed or anxious. These mood swings are normal and caused by a drop in hormone levels at this phase in the menstrual cycle. Other physical symptoms of PMS include tender breasts, bloating, headaches, tiredness and pimples. If your PMS symptoms are severe, talk to your doctor about treatment options ,otherwise take it as a normal phenomenon and plan accordingly .

DO YOU KNOW WHAT COMMITTMENT DOCTORS MAKE BEFORE STARTING MEDICAL PROFESSION ???

THESE ARE THE ' INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ETHICS' FOR DOCTORS !!!
*I solemnly pledge to consecrate my life to the service of humanity;
*I will give to my teachers the respect and gratitude that is their due;
*I will practice my profession with conscience and dignity;
*The health of my patient will be my first cons

ideration;
*I will respect the secrets that are confided in me, even after the patient has died;
*I will maintain by all the means in my power, the honor and the noble traditions of the medical profession;
*My colleagues will be my sisters and brothers;
*I will not permit considerations of age, disease or disability, creed, ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political affiliation, race, sexual orientation, social standing or any other factor to intervene between my duty and my patient;
*I will maintain the utmost respect for human life;
*I will not use my medical knowledge to violate human rights and civil liberties, even under threat;
*I make these promises solemnly, freely and upon my honor.

SOME FACTS ABOUT 'BIRD FLU' 

* also known as Avian Influenza
* caused by H5N1 virus
* primarily a disease of birds (hen/duck/pigeon)
* It can affect human on contact with infected birds,by consuming un/partially cooked meat or eggs of infected birds
* first notified in Hongkong in 1997.

The nutrients found in eggs provide many health benefits:

Choline : Assists in brain development, function and memory
Folate Helps produce and maintain new cells, especially red blood cells

Iron : Carries oxygen to the cells and keeps

 blood healthy
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Help maintain good vision and reduce the risk of developing cataracts; help protect eyes against harmful UV rays

Niacin : Promotes normal nerve function and helps release energy
Omega-3 fats Improve blood cholesterol and reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease

Protein : Helps keep a body strong and healthy

Riboflavin : Helps keep body tissues healthy

Vitamin A : Protects against some cancers and may slow the aging process

Vitamin B12 : Helps protect against heart disease

Vitamin D : Helps keep bones healthy and teeth strong

Vitamin E : Acts as an antioxidant that protects cells against some cancers

Zinc : Helps maintain a strong immune system

Top 5 Evergreen Anti Aging Skin Care Tips:

1. Cleaning Skin: Many women commit a fatal mistake while cleaning their skin that makes them age faster. Never pull your skin down while cleaning it with a face wash, scrub or just cleaning lotio

n. The liberties you can take with your skin at 20 do not apply to your 30s. The movements of your hand should always be upwards whenever you are handling your facial skin. Pulling or stretching out skin too much causes wrinkles and it is in your hands to prevent these.


2. Moisturizing Skin: Have you ever wondered that how did your oily skin that gave you such acne agonies in your teens gradually became dry? It is partly hormonal activity and also the aging of your skin. You need to moisturize your skin generously twice a day, at morning and night so that it remains hydrated and doesn't form wrinkles. What moisturizer you use depends on your skin; it could also be a natural anti aging oil like olive oil.


3. Steaming Face: It is one of the simplest and therefore most ignored natural anti aging processes. If you steam your face daily even for 5 minutes, it will go long way in keeping you younger beyond your years just by keeping it healthy and clear.


4. Use Anti Oxidants: You must be already knowing that anti oxidants in your food are the key to anti aging. However, your external skincare for anti aging too can make use of these anti oxidants. The strawberry milk face pack for example is easy and safe. Blend 5 strawberries with milk; mix it with rice powder and apply on the face for 10 minutes.


5. Flowers Extracts: From fruits to flowers, natural anti aging will manifest itself through the forms of nature. If you boil marigold and chamomile flower in water and then combine the extracts with almond oil, then you get a great anti aging facial solution.

These beauty tips for women address all your anti aging skincare needs.

Typhoid Fever (Salmonella Typhi Infection)

Description
A bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. The disease rarely occurs in developed countries, and is most commonly seen in countries with poor sanitary conditions and contaminated water supplies. Vaccines and being careful with food and water

 consumption while traveling can prevent the infection. There are three stages to the infection with each stage progressively more serious. Life threatening intestinal bleeding, brain infections and heart infections can occur.

Symptoms
Fever (step-ladder type),Severe headache, diarrhea, loss of appetite, malaise(subjective feeling of being unwell), rash (rose spots) appearing on the lower chest and abdomen during the second week of the fever, abdominal tenderness, bloody stools, fatigue(feeling of tiredness), weakness, nosebleed, chills(feeling of cold), confusion, agitation(restlessness), fluctuating mood, difficulty paying attention, hallucinations(false perception,but rarely).


Treatment
Specific therapy depends on the severity of infection but may include: fluids and electrolytes, antibiotics, and hospital admission (in severe cases). Antibiotics must be chosen carefully because of growing resistance to antibiotics by the bacteria.

रक्तचाप

रक्तचाप (Blood Pressure)भन्नाले रगतले नशा (artery) को भित्तामा दिने चापलाई बुझिन्छ / मुटु खुम्चंदा पर्न गएको चापलाई 'सिस्टोलिक'(Systolic pressure) र मुटु खुकुलो हुँदा रहने चापलाई Diastolic pressure भनिन्छ /Sphygmomanometer नामक यन्त्रबाट पाखुरामा रहेको Brachial artery मा Blood pressure मापन गरिन्छ/ Normal BP 90/60 mm of Hg - 140/90 mm of Hg / समय समय मा (प्रत्येक २-२ महिनामा) BP जाचेर थाहा प

ाउने गरेमा हृदयघात(Heart attack) ,मस्तिस्क्घात(Stroke),Hypertensive Encephalopathy,Retinopathy ,लगायत विभिन्न स्वास्थ्य समस्याबाट बच्न सकिन्छ/
यसै महत्वलाई बिचार गरेर Health Concern ले प्रत्येक शनिबार इच्छुक व्यक्तीका लागि निशुल्क Blood Pressure screening गर्ने गरेको हुँदा यस कार्यक्रम मा सबैलाई खुल्ला आमन्त्रण गर्दछौं/

What causes tension headaches?

While tension headaches are the most frequently occurring type of headache, their cause is not known. The most likely cause is contraction of the muscles that cover the skull. When the muscles covering the skull are stressed, they may spasm and cause pain. Common sites include the base of the skull where the trapezius muscles of the neck inserts, the temple where mu

scles that move the jaw are located, and the forehead.
There is little research to confirm the exact cause of tension headaches. Tension headaches occur because of physical or emotional stress placed on the body. These stressors can cause the muscles surrounding the skull to clench the teeth and go into spasm. Physical stressors include difficult and prolonged manual labor, or sitting at a desk or computer for long periods of time concentrating. Emotional stress may also cause tension headaches by causing the muscles surrounding the skull to contract.

What are the symptoms of tension headaches?

The pain symptoms of a tension headache are:

•The pain begins in the back of the head and upper neck and is described as a band-like tightness or pressure.
•Often is described as pressure encircling the head with the most intense pressure over the eyebrows.
•The pain usually is mild (not disabling) and bilateral (affecting both sides of the head).
•The pain is not associated with an aura (see below), nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light and sound.
•The pain occurs sporadically (infrequently and without a pattern) but can occur frequently and even daily in some people.
•The pain allows most people to function normally, despite the headache.

Foods to Avoid and limit in gastritis (Acid peptic disease) and in gastric ulcer :

•Alcohol, black and red pepper, chilies, chili powder, and hot peppers often irritate the stomach lining. Foods with caffeine can increase the amount of stomach acid. These foods include coffee (regular and decaf), teas, colas, cocoa, chocolate. Avoid or limit these items if they cause you pain.

•Limit your intake of tomatoes, tomato juice, peppermint, fatty foods, and citrus juices. If they cause heartburn or pain in your esophagus. You may need to limit seasonings such as onions, garlic, cinnamon, and cloves if they upset your stomach